Photoelectric Smoke Detectors vs Ionization Detectors

The two most common types of smoke detection equipment are photoelectric smoke detectors and ionization smoke detectors.  Each work differently to detect different types of fires at different stages of development.  Ionization smoke detectors are more responsive to flaming fires, while photoelectric smoke detectors provide early warning against smoldering fires. 

It is recommended by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), that both be used together to provide the greatest protection and early warning. 

Photoelectric Smoke Detectors

Photoelectric smoke detectors provide a greater defense against fires that smolder for a long period of time, known as “smoldering fires”.  They work by aiming a light source into a sensing chamber at an angle.  When smoke enters the chamber, a light reflects onto the sensor to trigger an alarm. 

Early warning of a smoldering fire is critical as 20 to 25% of all fatalities from fire occur from smoke inhalation.

Ionization Smoke Detectors

Ionization smoke detectors are typically more responsive to flaming fires. They work due to a small amount of radioactive material which is located between two electrically charged plates.  The radioactive material ionizes the air causing a current to flow between the two plates. If smoke enters the chamber, the flow of ions is disrupted which minimizes the flow of the current and triggers the alarm.

Each type of smoke detector provide life- saving advantages which are critical in the event of a fire.  Home fires which end in tragedy are caused by both flaming fires and smoldering fires, it is impossible to predict which type of fire may erupt in your home.  This is why it is recommended to utilize both types of fire detection technology to fully protect your home and loved ones day or night.

HRSS is recognized as a leading fire and safety company, providing reliable fire protection to commercial properties in and around Chicago.  We offer fire alarm system design, inspections, testing, maintenance and monitoring 24/7/365.  Contact us to learn more about fire and smoke detection technology including photoelectric smoke detectors.